Fixed arrays and the dynamic std::vector.
✍️ 2 exercises in this lessonC-style arrays have a fixed size: int a[3] = {1, 2, 3};
In modern C++, prefer std::vector, a dynamic array that grows automatically:
push_back(), pop_back(), size(), empty(), clear()v[i] or the bounds-checked v.at(i)front(), back(), insert(), erase()Mastering C++ Arrays & Vectors helps you write clean and reliable C++ code. Follow standard conventions, test edge cases, and keep logic simple. Try running the code example below and complete the exercises to build confidence.
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::vector<std::string> cities = {"Lahore", "Karachi"};
cities.push_back("Quetta");
cities.insert(cities.begin(), "Islamabad");
std::cout << "Count: " << cities.size() << "\n";
std::cout << "First: " << cities.front() << ", last: " << cities.back() << "\n";
for (const auto& c : cities) std::cout << "- " << c << "\n";
return 0;
}Count: 4 First: Islamabad, last: Quetta - Islamabad - Lahore - Karachi - Quetta
Check what you learned in “C++ Arrays & Vectors”.
Add an element to the end of a vector.
cities.("Quetta");
Which vector method checks bounds and throws on a bad index?
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