Node.js Modules

CommonJS and ES modules.

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Node splits code into modules. There are two systems:

CommonJS (classic): module.exports = ... and require("./math")
ES Modules (modern): export / import. Enable them with "type": "module" in package.json or the .mjs extension.

Built-in modules include fs, path, http, os, events and crypto. Import them with the node: prefix.

Key Takeaways: Node.js Modules

Mastering Node.js Modules helps you write clean and reliable Node.js code. Follow standard conventions, test edge cases, and keep logic simple. Try running the code example below and complete the exercises to build confidence.

Node.js Modules Code Example

Node.js

// math.js
export const add = (a, b) => a + b;
export default function square(n) { return n * n; }

// app.js
import square, { add } from "./math.js";
import os from "node:os";

console.log(add(2, 3), square(9));
console.log("Platform:", os.platform());

Output