Wrap functions to add behaviour.
✍️ 3 exercises + code challenge in this lessonA decorator is a function that takes another function and extends its behaviour without changing its code. Apply it with @decorator_name above a function.
Decorators are used for logging, timing, caching, access control and more. Frameworks like Flask use them for routes: @app.route("/").
Mastering Python Decorators helps you write clean and reliable Python code. Follow standard conventions, test edge cases, and keep logic simple. Try running the code example below and complete the exercises to build confidence.
import time
from functools import wraps, lru_cache
def timer(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
start = time.perf_counter()
result = func(*args, **kwargs)
print(f"{func.__name__} took {(time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000:.2f} ms")
return result
return wrapper
@lru_cache
def fib(n):
return n if n < 2 else fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
@timer
def compute():
return fib(200)
print(compute())Check what you learned in “Python Decorators”.
Apply the decorator to the function.
def work():
pass
What is a decorator?
Write a decorator shout that makes the wrapped function's result upper case. Decorate hello() (returns "hi") and print hello().
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