Local, global and nonlocal variables.
✍️ 3 exercises + code challenge in this lessonA variable is only available inside the region where it is created: its scope.
global x: lets a function change a global variable.nonlocal x: lets a nested function change a variable from the enclosing function.Mastering Python Scope helps you write clean and reliable Python code. Follow standard conventions, test edge cases, and keep logic simple. Try running the code example below and complete the exercises to build confidence.
counter = 0 # global
def increment():
global counter
counter += 1
def outer():
message = "outer"
def inner():
nonlocal message
message = "changed by inner"
inner()
return message
increment(); increment()
print("counter:", counter)
print(outer())Check what you learned in “Python Scope”.
Allow the function to change the global variable.
count = 0
def inc():
count
count += 1
A variable created inside a function is…
Use the global keyword so calling add() twice makes total 2, then print total.
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